In the various parts of the car, the price of the tire is relatively expensive, so we must pay special attention to the maintenance of the car tires.

1. Keep the distance between cars at high speed and avoid unnecessary braking. This can reduce the damage to the tires. For your own driving safety, you should pay attention to the tread depth of the tire. Since the friction of the tire close to the flat surface is reduced due to the friction with the road surface, the braking distance will become longer, so do not drive at high speed.

2, tire load and pressure is a one-to-one correspondence. Excessive load is equivalent to low pressure, which can cause tire damage. Often used under overload, the service life of the tire will be reduced by 20%-50%; at the same time, the wrong loading mode will also cause the uneven load of the tire, affecting the overload of individual tires and reducing the service life.

3, air pressure is the life of the tire, the inflation pressure of the tire must meet the national standard for different types, specifications of tire pressure specified. Always check the tire pressure, high pressure and lack of pressure will have irregular wear on the tire, groove cracks at the bottom of the pattern, cord breakage, ply delamination, tire blasting and other damage; if you want to continue high-speed driving, the pressure should be at standard pressure Increased by 5%-10%; At the same time, after the tire is running, the internal gas rises due to the temperature increase, and at this time it cannot be deflated.

4. Properly shift the tires on the vehicle in a timely manner, insist on checking the tires at the first and second maintenance of the vehicle to maintain even wear of tires and prolong the service life; in addition, the tires with slightly larger outer diameter should be installed on the outer wheels. .

5, after the renovation of the tires do not use the front wheel; try to use the vertical line pattern of tires, rear wheel as far as possible to use horizontal line pattern of tires.

6, the tire wear to the wear mark, must be exchanged. Due to the different distribution loads of the front and rear axles, the difference between the driving wheels and the driven wheels, and the difference in road conditions, the wear conditions of the various tires of the vehicle are different. In order to get the best tire wear, regular tire replacement is a good solution. In the car use manual provided by the car manufacturer, it will clearly guide the transposition of the tire. Under normal circumstances, it is recommended that front-wheel-drive vehicles carry out a transposition every 8000 to 10000 km, while four-wheel-drive vehicles should preferably perform transposition at 6000 km. If the spare tire is the same size as other wheels, it can also participate in transposition.

Every driver should pay attention to the maintenance of his own vehicle's tires so that he can maximize the number of replacement tires. The maintenance of automobile tires is not difficult, as long as they pay more attention to the maintenance of automobile tires, the life of their own automobile tires will be longer.

Alloy Steel Submerged Arc Welding Wires

Submerged arc welding (SAW), as the name suggests, is conducted beneath a protective layer or blanket of flux. As the arc is always covered by the layer of flux, it eradicates any sort of radiation from the exposed arcs and also necessity of welding screens. With two variants of the process, automatic and semi-automatic, is one of the widely used welding process used in the process industry. Venus wire, one of the renowned submerged arc welding wire suppliers in India, illustrates the principle and uses of sub arc welding. Let us see them what they are:

Process:

Akin to MIG welding, SAW also employs the technique of formation of an arc between the weld joint and the continuous bare electrode wire. A thin layer of flux and slag are employed to generate protective gas mixtures and to add the required alloys to the weld pool respectively. As the weld proceeds, the electrode wire is released at the same rate of consumption and the excess flux is sucked out through vacuum system for recycling. Apart from shielding the radiation, flux layers also are highly beneficial in avoiding heat loss. The excellent thermal efficiency of this process, around 60%, is attributed to these flux layers. Also SAW process is absolutely free of spattering and does not require any sort of fume extraction process.

Operating procedure:

Alike any other welding procedure, the quality of the weld joints with respect to penetration depth, shape and chemical composition of the weld metal deposited are usually controlled by the welding parameters such as current, arc voltage, weld wire feed rate, and weld travel speed. One of the drawbacks (ofcourse methods are available to counter them) is that the welder cannot have a look on the weld pool and hence the quality of well is entirely dependent on the operating parameters.

Process parameters:

As mentioned earlier, it is only with the process parameters, a welder perfects the weld joint. For instance, in an automated process, the wire size and flux that employed that are suitable for the joint type, thickness of material, and size of the job plays an important role in deciding the deposition rate and bead shapes.

Wire:
Depending upon the requirement of deposition rate and travel speeds following wires can be selected

Twin wire
Multiple wire
Tubular wire
Metal powder addition
Single wire with hot addition
Single wire with cold addition
Flux:
Granular mixture of oxides of several elements such as manganese, titanium, calcium, magnesium, silicon, aluminium, and calcium fluoride are widely used as flux in SAW. Usually the combination is selected such that it provides the intended mechanical properties when it combines with the welding wire. It should also be noted that the composition of these fluxes play a vital role in the operating arc voltage and current parameters. Based on the welding requirement, primarily two types of fluxes, bonded and fused are employed in the process.

Uses:

Every welding method has its own set of applications, which usually overlaps due to scale of economy and quality requirement.

Although SAW can be very well employed for both butt joints (longitudinal and circumferential) and fillet joints, it has few minor restrictions. Owing to the fluidity of the weld pool, slag in molten state and loose layer of flux, butt joints are always carried out in the flat position and on the other hand, fillet joints are done in all positions – flat, horizontal, and vertical.
It should be noted that as long as proper procedures and selection of parameters for joint preparations are carried out, SAW can be successfully carried out for material of any thickness.
It can very well be deployed for carbon steels, stainless steels and low alloy steels and also few non-ferrous alloys and materials, provided the ASME code suggested combinations of wire and flux are used.
SAW finds a permanent place in heavy machine industries and ship building industries for welding heavy sections, large diameter pipes, and process vessels.
With very high utilization of electrode wire and easy automation possibilities, SAW is always one of the most sought after welding process in manufacturing industry.

Alloy Steel Submerged Arc Welding Wires,Submerged Arc Welding Wire

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