Graphite beneficiation process
According to the crystal form, graphite can be classified into flake graphite (crystalline graphite) and amorphous graphite (cryptocrystalline graphite, earthy graphite). The size of the flake graphite crystal is greater than 1% 26mu; m, generally 0.05 to 1.5 mm. The ore grade is low, and the associated minerals are mica , feldspar , quartz , tremolite , diopside , garnet, etc., sometimes accompanied by useful components such as rutile and vanadium mica. The amorphous graphite crystal has a particle size of less than 1% 26mu; m. Its process performance is not as good as flake graphite, and its industrial application range is small. The grade of ore is generally higher, but the selectivity is poor. There andalusite associated minerals, water, mica, sericite, pyrite, tourmaline and the like. Scale graphite concentrate products are classified into high purity (carbon content 99.0%-99.99%), high carbon (carbon content 94.0%-99.0%), medium carbon (carbon content 80.0%-93.0%), low carbon according to fixed carbon content. (Carbon containing 50.0% to 79.0%) four types of graphite. Each type is divided into levels according to the granularity. It is superior to those with large scales and high carbon content. The quality standard for flake graphite products formulated in China is GB3518%26mdash;83. Amorphous graphite is classified into graphite powder and graphite particles according to the particle size. Each product is divided into several grades according to the fixed carbon content, particle size and impurity content. See GB3519%26mdash;83 for details. The graphite used in the refractory material should be high-purity, high-carbon and medium-carbon graphite of medium-sized scales. China is a country rich in graphite ore reserves. The main producing areas are Shandong, Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia and other provinces and autonomous regions. The countries producing graphite in the world mainly include Madagascar, Russia, India, and North Korea. Types of Ore grade (ωB)% Available thickness m Stone Remove thickness m Stripping ratio M3/m3 Boundary grade Industrial grade Crystalline (scaly) graphite ore Weathered ore 2 to 3 2.5 to 3.5 Open pit mining 2 to 4 Open pit mining 1 to 4 no greater than 3:1~4:1 Primary ore 2.5 to 3.5 3~8 Cryptocrystalline (earth) graphite ore ≥55 ≥65 Underground mining 0.7 to 1.4 Underground mining 1 to 3 Note: Due to the different degree of crystalline (scaly) graphite, its industrial use and economic value are very different. When formulating industrial indicators used as geological exploration reports to provide mine construction design basis, it should be based on the level of normal graphite content. The corresponding high and low boundary grades and industrial grade requirements are proposed, that is, when the high graphite content is high, the grade requirement can be low; otherwise, the grade requirement is high. Corresponding to the boundary grade and industrial grade, the standard graphite content requirement can generally be about 40-60%. The normal graphite content refers to the percentage of +100 (0.147 mm) mesh graphite in the concentrate after the ore is subjected to ore dressing . Mineral processing method Flotation is the main method of graphite beneficiation, but the flotation of flaky graphite is different from amorphous graphite. In the process of flake graphite beneficiation, attention should be paid to the protection of graphite scales. 1 scale graphite flotation The flaky graphite ore has a low grade, generally 4% to 15%, but is very buoyant. Care should be taken to protect the scales during the beneficiation process. Therefore, multi-stage grinding is required for multi-stage sorting. Generally, 3 sections, 3 sections and 6 sections are used for re-grinding. Used as frother flotation oil II, IV oil, ether alcohols, ether oil; Collector coal oil, diesel oil, heavy oil, sulfonate, sulfate, aliphatic, phenols, carboxylic acids and the like. 2 Amorphous graphite beneficiation Amorphous graphite ore raw materials have a high grade, generally 30% to 90%, but due to the fine grain size of the graphite inlay, it is difficult to improve the grade. Flotation commonly used coal tar as a collector, eucalyptus oil, pine oil as a foaming agent, sodium carbonate as a regulator, water glass and sodium fluorosilicate as inhibitors. The carbon content of graphite concentrate is generally 85% to 93%. In order to obtain high purity graphite, purification processing is required. Purification methods include chemical purification, high temperature purification, and mixing. Commonly used chemical purification is to add NaOH to the concentrate, convert the silicate minerals in the concentrate to soluble silicate at a temperature above 500 °C, remove it by watering, and then dissolve the metal with hydrochloric acid at normal temperature. Impurities. High-temperature purification is to place the graphite in a special electric furnace to block the air heating to 2500C, in which the impurities are evaporated. Mineral processing process The flake graphite beneficiation process includes: (1) preparation work (coarse, fine crushing and coarse grinding); (2) flotation operation (rough selection, sweep selection and various selections); (3) concentrate treatment (dehydration, drying, grading and packaging). Graphite ore hardness is moderately soft. 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