The biocompatibility and biodegradability of PHA enable it to be used as implant materials, including tissue engineering materials and drug-controlled release vectors. This characteristic can also be used in agriculture to wrap fertilizer or pesticide carriers, so that the wrapped substance is slowly released in the process of slow degradation of PHA, so as to maintain long-term fertilizer or drug efficacy, while reducing the amount of medicine, extending the action time, and protecting the long-term plantability of cultivated land. The monomers that make up PHA are chiral, and they are intermediates in the chemical synthesis of many drugs and have high value-added applications. Many different chiral monomers can be obtained by synthesis and degradation of PHA in vivo.

With the further development of strain screening methods, more and more strains that can synthesize new PHA have been discovered, so new PHA materials have been synthesized. However, at present, the technological improvement of microbial synthesis of PHA is far behind the development of new PHA materials.

Biomaterials occupy a very important position in tissue engineering, and tissue engineering also raises questions and points out the development direction of biomaterials. Since traditional artificial organs (such as artificial kidney and liver) do not have biological functions (metabolism, synthesis), and can only be used as auxiliary therapeutic devices, the research on tissue engineered artificial organs with biological functions has attracted wide attention around the world. Three elements are needed to build a tissue-engineered artificial organ, namely "seed" cells, scaffold materials, and cell growth factors. Recently, the use of stem cells as seed cells to construct artificial organs has become a hot topic due to their ability to differentiate. Tissue engineering has made some breakthrough achievements in artificial skin, artificial cartilage, artificial nerve, artificial liver and so on, showing a good application prospect.

The combination of biotechnology and chemical synthesis methods can obtain some new materials that can not be obtained by chemical or biological methods alone or that are too expensive to manufacture by chemical synthesis, especially some materials with special properties, such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, optical activity, piezoelectricity, electrical conductivity and high stability of materials. The research and development of these new materials requires the cooperation of experts in the fields of materials, polymers, chemistry, medicine, electronics, physics, microbiology, molecular biology, fermentation engineering and chemical engineering, and even the participation of industry in order to produce results and get new materials with real market application prospects.