With the continuous improvement of people’s living standards, people’s quality requirements for rice have become higher and higher. People like to eat good quality rice. What is high-quality rice? In short, it refers to commercial rice with good appearance, cooking, eating, and high nutrition. The rice milling quality of high-quality rice is mainly as follows: rice milling quality refers to the characteristics of rice produced in rough rice in the grain-fed rice and milled rice using fine rice mills. It usually refers to the rice yield, polished rice rate and the whole The rate of polished rice, and the rate of polished rice is one of the more important indicators of rice quality. The high rate of polished rice means that the same amount of rice can grind out more rice, and the economic value of rice is high. The rate of whole polished rice is related to the commodity value of rice, and the value of broken rice is low. The rice rate of general rice is about 70%, and the rate of whole polished rice is generally 25%-65%.

Rice is obtained by rolling rice from rice, and the quality of rice during its growth is also fundamental to the quality of rice. During the growth and development of rice, there will be a large number of diseases, including rice flamingo disease as an example to recognize the hazards caused by these diseases to rice and prevention and control measures.

I. Disease symptoms of rice leaf spot
1. Leaves: initially brown dots, expanded to dark brown to dark brown oval lesions, like sesame grains, the middle of the lesion is yellow brown or gray, brown edges, peripheral oil yellow halo, both ends obtuse, but There is no necrotic thread that spreads along the veins (there is a case of rice blast, which can be distinguished from flesh patch). This is a small spot lesion. The lesion size and color often vary depending on the environment or variety. The environment is suitable for the above-mentioned symptoms. When there are a lot of lesions on each leaf, they often merge into irregular large spots, causing the leaves to die prematurely. When the rice strain lacks potassium, the lesions are larger, slightly spindle-shaped, and the ring veins on the lesions are obvious. Such lesions are called large plaque lesions. Some species produce near-square lesions, initially appearing gray-green water-stained, and later becoming tan-brown, with only a few lesions on each leaf, can cause the leaves to die prematurely, known as acute lesions.
2. Spike: The site of occurrence is the same as that of rice bran, which mainly occurs in the panicle neck, and the panicle neck and the branch stem disease become brown, gray-brown, and it is extremely difficult to distinguish from rice blast, and the mold layer produced in the diseased section is more than that of rice blast. The layer is darker and thicker.
3. Grains: The early lesions or whole grains are gray and black, in which the rice grains become gray and crunchy or become pods. When wet, a large amount of black villous black mold can be produced on the grain surface; The lesions on the grains are very similar to those on the leaves, but they are small but not obvious, and the lesions may merge into irregular large spots for a long time.

Second, the pathogenic bacteria that infested the pathogenicity of the rice hull spot were caused by the fungus Bipolaris oryzae (Breda de Haan) Shcen (H. miliata). The pathogenic bacteria used mycelia to become the primary source of infection in the diseased rice straw or diseased seeds. Seeding disease seeds, seedling stage can directly cause the incidence of seedlings. The pathogenic bacteria that overwinter on diseased straw produce conidia in the coming year, which can be transmitted by airflow and cause the onset of rice. Afterwards, the conidia produced on the lesions can be re-infested by airflow. General germ conidia can invade from the stomata or directly penetrate the epidermis after infestation. After invading, it will meet the appropriate environmental conditions. One day and night can show symptoms, and the conidia can be formed and reinfected.

Third, the incidence of rice leaf spot disease
1. Soil texture Acid-grown soil, rice cultivated on sandy soil and argillaceous soil suffers heavy disease, and has a tendency to increase year by year. Dry drought or soil moisture can aggravate the disease.
2. Soil Fertility The incidence of soil is poor when there is poor soil and fertilizer, especially potassium deficiency in the soil is more prone to disease.
3. There was a significant difference in disease resistance among the varieties, and the same variety showed obvious disease resistance at different stages of growth.

Fourth, control methods
1. Improve the soil to avoid the cultivation of rice on sandy soil and argillaceous soil and carry out soil improvement. The organic fertilizer is applied to sandy soil.
2. Sterilize the seeds of the disinfectant source, burn off the diseased straw or bury the manure, and reduce the incidence.
3. Rice paddies should be timely flooded to prevent excessive water shortage and cause soil drought, but also to avoid stagnant water in the field and reduce the incidence.
4. Appropriate fertilization base fertilizer, timely fertilizer, a reasonable mix of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, in particular, can not be lack of potassium, once the lack of disease can cause disease.
5. Chemical control: rice at booting stage, heading stage 20% triadimefon (triadimefon) WP 100 g/mu, or 50% carbendazim WP 100 g/mu, or 50% acetaminophen Bacteria urea) suspension agent 70 ~ 100 ml / mu, watering 10-15 liters spray. The agents for controlling rice blast can control the rice leaf spot. In the years when the environmental conditions were suitable for the growth and reproduction of pathogenic bacteria, the disease occurred earlier, and disease prevention occurred in the 6-leaf stage of rice, and rice blast was common in other control periods.

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