The basic iron consumption is caused by a change in the main magnetic field in the iron core. Such variations may be alternating magnetization properties, as occurs in the stator or rotor teeth of the machine; they may also be of the so-called rotational magnetization properties, such as occur in the stator or rotor yoke of the machine. Both alternating magnetization and rotational magnetization cause hysteresis and eddy current losses in the core.

1, hysteresis loss

The hysteresis loss ph caused by the alternating magnetization in the unit ferromagnetic material is called the hysteresis loss coefficient, and is related to the frequency f of the alternating magnetization and the amplitude B of the magnetic flux density, and can be accurately expressed by the following formula:

Ph=(aB+bB2)f

Where a and b are the constants determined by the properties of the material.

In the case where the magnetic flux density in the motor core is usually in the range of 1.0 to 1.6 Tesla or 10,000 to 16,000 Gauss, the coefficient a is close to 0, so

Ph=bB2f

The magnitude of hysteresis loss caused by rotational magnetization is different from that caused by alternating magnetization. The test shows that the silicon steel sheet has the following phenomena under the magnetization of two properties: when the magnetic flux density is below 1.7 Tesla, the hysteresis loss caused by the rotating magnetization is larger than that caused by the alternating magnetization; when it is higher than 1.7 Tesla When, the opposite is true. The magnetic flux density of the yoke of the motor is generally 1.0 to 1.5 Tesla, and the corresponding rotational magnetization hysteresis loss is about 45 to 65% larger than the alternating magnetization hysteresis loss.

2, eddy current loss

When the magnetic field in the iron core changes, a current is induced therein, called eddy current, and the loss caused by it is called eddy current loss. In order to reduce the eddy current loss, the motor core is usually not made in one piece, and the steel sheets insulated from each other are axially laminated to block the flow of the eddy current.

An electrical steel sheet of 0.5 or 0.35 is usually used as the material of the iron core. For the frequency range encountered in general motors, the magnetic field can be considered to be uniformly distributed on the section of the steel sheet. At this time, the eddy current loss of the steel sheet can theoretically be calculated accurately according to the following formula:

Pe=π2(ΔfeBf)2/(6ρdfe)

In the formula pe - eddy current loss coefficient, Δfe - silicon steel sheet thickness, B - magnetic flux density, f - frequency, ρ - resistivity, dfe - silicon steel sheet density.

It can be seen from the above formula that the eddy current loss is proportional to the magnetic flux density, the frequency, and the square of the thickness of the material.

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